Natural Gas (NG) vs. Liquid Propane (LP):
Which Fuel is Best for Your Grill, Griddle, & Pizza Oven?
TL;DR
- Propane provides higher heat output, ideal for searing and high-temperature cooking, and offers portability with tank-based fuel storage.
- Natural gas is less expensive per unit, convenient for built-in outdoor kitchens, and provides a continuous fuel supply without refills.
- Propane requires tank replacements or refills; natural gas requires upfront professional gas-line installation.
- Both fuels are safe for outdoor cooking with proper ventilation; propane is heavier and can accumulate, whereas natural gas disperses quickly.
- Choose propane for portable grills and pizza ovens needing higher heat; choose natural gas for built-in outdoor setups and cost-effective ongoing use.
Introduction
Natural gas and liquid propane are two widely used fuel sources for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. While both serve as effective energy sources, they possess distinct chemical properties, storage requirements, environmental impacts, and economic considerations. Choosing the right fuel depends on several factors, including availability, cost, infrastructure, and intended use.
This guide provides a detailed comparative analysis of liquid propane and natural gas, focusing on their applications for gas grills, side burners, power burners, and pizza ovens—key considerations for outdoor cooking enthusiasts and professionals alike.
Chemical Composition and Physical Properties
Natural Gas
Natural gas is a fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4), along with smaller amounts of ethane, propane, butane, and trace gases. It is extracted from underground reservoirs and delivered through pipelines.
Liquid Propane
Propane (C3H8) is a component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and is derived from natural gas processing and petroleum refining. Unlike natural gas, propane is stored and transported in liquid form under moderate pressure, making it more energy-dense and portable—a significant advantage for outdoor cooking appliances.
Energy Efficiency and Heat Output
One of the most crucial factors when comparing natural gas and propane for grills, side burners, power burners, and pizza ovens is energy efficiency.
- Propane: Delivers approximately 2,516 BTUs per cubic foot
- Natural Gas: Delivers approximately 1,030 BTUs per cubic foot
Cooking Applications
1. Gas Grills – Propane generates higher heat output, making it ideal for searing steaks and high-heat grilling. Natural gas is better suited for low-and-slow cooking and offers an uninterrupted fuel supply through pipelines.
2. Side Burners & Power Burners – Side burners for boiling or sautéing and power burners for wok cooking benefit from propane’s higher heat efficiency, but natural gas provides a cost-effective alternative for frequent use.
3. Pizza Ovens – Pizza ovens require consistent high heat, often above 700°F. Propane reaches these temperatures faster, while natural gas is a convenient choice for built-in outdoor kitchens.
Storage, Transport, and Availability
Natural Gas
- Delivered through pipelines, eliminating the need for refills.
- Requires professional installation and may not be available in all areas.
- Less portable than propane, restricting use to fixed outdoor kitchens.
Propane
- Available in portable tanks or bulk storage, making it ideal for freestanding grills and pizza ovens.
- Higher energy density, meaning less fuel is needed for the same heat output.
- Requires tank replacements or refills, adding maintenance considerations.
Cost Considerations
While natural gas is generally cheaper per unit, propane’s higher energy efficiency means you use less fuel to achieve the same heat levels. Costs depend on:
- Gas line installation: Natural gas requires upfront infrastructure investment.
- Refill costs: Propane tanks must be refilled or exchanged, adding recurring expenses.
- Usage frequency: High-use setups may benefit from natural gas’s lower ongoing costs.
Environmental Impact
Both fuels burn cleaner than coal or petroleum, but there are differences:
- Natural Gas: Lower carbon dioxide output but concerns about methane leaks.
- Propane: Produces slightly more CO2 per unit of energy but no methane leakage.
For outdoor cooking, the environmental differences are minimal. However, if sustainability is a concern, natural gas is the lower-emission choice when pipeline access is available.
Safety Considerations
- Natural Gas: Lighter than air, disperses quickly if leaked.
- Propane: Heavier than air, can accumulate in low areas, increasing explosion risks.
- Outdoor Cooking Setup: Proper ventilation is essential for both fuels.
Which Fuel is Best for Gas Grills, Side Burners, and Pizza Ovens?
| Feature | Natural Gas | Propane |
|---|---|---|
| BTU Output | Lower | Higher |
| Availability | Requires pipeline | Portable tanks |
| Cost | Lower per unit | Higher per unit, but more efficient |
| Installation | Requires professional setup | Easy DIY setup |
| Best For | Permanent outdoor kitchens | Portable grills, high-heat applications |
Conclusion
When choosing between natural gas and propane for outdoor cooking, consider your setup’s requirements:
- Go with natural gas if you have a built-in outdoor kitchen and want a continuous fuel supply.
- Choose propane if you need higher heat output, portability, or a freestanding grill or pizza oven.
High-altitude grilling? Read our Altitude Cooking Guide for fuel adjustments.
Cold or hot weather cooking? Learn how Ambient Temperature Affects Grills.
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